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Get Started with Twilio Video Part 2: Creating the Frontend

This is the second part of the tutorial for getting started with Twilio Video using Python/Flask and JavaScript. In this part, you'll create a JavaScript frontend that can connect to the backend Flask web server you created in Part One. If you haven't already created a backend server, refer back to the server code and setup in Part One, and then come back to complete this section.

You can also view the completed code from both parts of the tutorial in GitHub.

Before beginning this tutorial, you should ensure you are using one of the supported browsers for the Twilio Video JavaScript SDK.

Create the HTML file

In the project's root directory (video_tutorial or whatever you named the project's main directory), create a templates directory. This is where you'll store your HTML files. To make the new directory, run the following command in your terminal:

mkdir templates

In this application, you'll only need one HTML file. Create a new file called index.html in the templates directory. This file will contain the HTML structure for the video application, which should include:

A link to the Twilio Video JavaScript SDK CDN.
A form where a user can enter the name of the Room they'd like to join.
A <div> where Participants' videos will be displayed after they've joined.
A link to a main.js file, which is where you'll write the code for controlling the video application.

Add the following code to templates/index.html:

1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html>
3  <head>
4    <meta charset="utf-8" />
5    <title>Twilio Video Demo</title>
6    {/* Twilio Video CDN */}
7    <script src="https://sdk.twilio.com/js/video/releases/2.15.2/twilio-video.min.js"></script>
8  </head>
9  <body>
10    <form id="room-name-form">
11      Enter a Room Name to join: <input name="room_name" id="room-name-input" />
12      <button type="submit">Join Room</button>
13    </form>
14    <div id="video-container"></div>
15    <script src="static/main.js"></script>
16  </body>
17</html>

Note that this index.html file links to version 2.15.2 of the Twilio Video JavaScript SDK. You can find the CDN link for the most recent version of the Twilio Video JavaScript SDK here.

Next, you'll want to have your Flask server render this index.html template when someone goes to your web app, instead of showing the string "In progress!" as it does right now. In your app.py file, change the line that returns "In progress!" to return render_template("index.html").

1@app.route("/")
2def serve_homepage():
3    return render_template("index.html")

If your server is not running, make sure you are in your virtual environment by running source venv/bin/activate (MacOS/Unix) or venv\Scripts\activate.bat (Windows). Then, start up the server by running the following command:

python app.py

After the server starts, navigate to localhost:5000 in your browser. You should see the form with an input box and a submit button.

Start the JavaScript file

In index.html, you linked to a JavaScript file that doesn't exist yet. In this step, you'll create it and start adding code.

In a second terminal window, navigate to your main project directory, and create a new directory called static in the root directory of the project:

mkdir static

Then, create a file called main.js within the static directory, and open that file in a text editor.

First, you'll create variables for the form, video container div, and input HTML elements, to identify them later. Copy and paste the following code into the static/main.js file:

1const form = document.getElementById("room-name-form");
2const roomNameInput = document.getElementById("room-name-input");
3const container = document.getElementById("video-container");

Next, you'll create a function called startRoom that you'll call when the form is submitted. Copy and paste the following code into the static/main.js file, under the variable declarations:

1const startRoom = async (event) => {
2  // prevent a page reload when a user submits the form
3  event.preventDefault();
4  // hide the join form
5  form.style.visibility = "hidden";
6  // retrieve the room name
7  const roomName = roomNameInput.value;
8
9  // fetch an Access Token from the join-room route
10  const response = await fetch("/join-room", {
11    method: "POST",
12    headers: {
13      Accept: "application/json",
14      "Content-Type": "application/json",
15    },
16    body: JSON.stringify({ room_name: roomName }),
17  });
18  const { token } = await response.json();
19  console.log(token);
20};

The startRoom function hides the Join Room form. Then it submits a request to the /join-room route with the value the user entered in room-name-input. The /join-room route either finds an existing Video room with that name or creates one, and gives back an Access Token that this participant can use to join the room.

For now, the code just retrieves the Access Token and prints the token to the console with console.log. In the next step, you'll use the token to join the video room.

At the bottom of the main.js file, below the startRoom function, add an event listener on the form so that when it's submitted, startRoom runs:

form.addEventListener("submit", startRoom);

You can now navigate to localhost:5000 in your browser, enter a room name in the form, click "Join Room", and see the Access Token in the browser's console. (You'll need to open the Developer Tools for your browser to see the console.)

Here's the full code for static/main.js so far:

1const form = document.getElementById("room-name-form");
2const roomNameInput = document.getElementById("room-name-input");
3const container = document.getElementById("video-container");
4
5const startRoom = async (event) => {
6  // prevent a page reload when a user submits the form
7  event.preventDefault();
8  // hide the join form
9  form.style.visibility = "hidden";
10  // retrieve the room name
11  const roomName = roomNameInput.value;
12
13  // fetch an Access Token from the join-room route
14  const response = await fetch("/join-room", {
15    method: "POST",
16    headers: {
17      Accept: "application/json",
18      "Content-Type": "application/json",
19    },
20    body: JSON.stringify({ room_name: roomName }),
21  });
22  const { token } = await response.json();
23  console.log(token);
24};
25
26form.addEventListener("submit", startRoom);

(information)

Info

This tutorial is using WebRTC Go rooms, which are free rooms that allow a maximum of two participants in the room at one time. If you request Access Tokens for more than the maximum number of participants in one room, you'll receive an error that there are too many participants in the room. This tutorial doesn't cover error handling in these cases — for now, if you run into this error, you can try joining a new room with a different name. You'll see the error appear in your browser's console if it happens.

Join a Twilio Video Room

Now that your application can retrieve an Access Token, you can use that token to join the video room in the browser. The Twilio Video JavaScript SDK has a connect method that you can call to connect to a Twilio Video room.

Copy and paste the following code underneath the startRoom function in static/main.js.

1const joinVideoRoom = async (roomName, token) => {
2  // join the video room with the Access Token and the given room name
3  const room = await Twilio.Video.connect(token, {
4    room: roomName,
5  });
6  return room;
7};

This creates a function called joinVideoRoom, which passes the Access Token and an object of ConnectOptions to the Twilio video connect method. The only ConnectOption you pass in is the name of the room that you're connecting to.

The connect method returns a Promise that will eventually either resolve to a Room object or be rejected with an error.

Then, call the joinVideoRoom function after you've retrieved the Access Token in the startRoom function. For now, you can console.log the video room object. In the next step, you'll start adding code to display participants' video streams.

Update the startRoom function with the following lines of code. Note that you're removing the console.log(token) line and replacing it with a call to the joinVideoRoom function:

1  // fetch an Access Token from the join-room route
2  const response = await fetch("/join-room", {
3    method: "POST",
4    headers: {
5      Accept: "application/json",
6      "Content-Type": "application/json",
7    },
8    body: JSON.stringify({ room_name: roomName }),
9  });
10  const { token } = await response.json();
11
12  // join the video room with the token
13  const room = await joinVideoRoom(roomName, token);
14  console.log(room);
15};

Now if you navigate to localhost:5000 in your browser, enter a room name, and click "Join Room", you'll connect to a Twilio Video room. If you open your browser's console, you should see a log line with the room object. You might also be prompted to grant browser access to your camera and microphone devices, because once you connect to a video room, the room will start receiving your audio and video data.

Here's the full main.js with these additions up to now.

1const form = document.getElementById("room-name-form");
2const roomNameInput = document.getElementById("room-name-input");
3const container = document.getElementById("video-container");
4
5const startRoom = async (event) => {
6  // prevent a page reload when a user submits the form
7  event.preventDefault();
8  // hide the join form
9  form.style.visibility = "hidden";
10  // retrieve the room name
11  const roomName = roomNameInput.value;
12
13  // fetch an Access Token from the join-room route
14  const response = await fetch("/join-room", {
15    method: "POST",
16    headers: {
17      Accept: "application/json",
18      "Content-Type": "application/json",
19    },
20    body: JSON.stringify({ room_name: roomName }),
21  });
22  const { token } = await response.json();
23
24  // join the video room with the token
25  const room = await joinVideoRoom(roomName, token);
26  console.log(room);
27};
28
29const joinVideoRoom = async (roomName, token) => {
30  // join the video room with the Access Token and the given room name
31  const room = await Twilio.Video.connect(token, {
32    room: roomName,
33  });
34  return room;
35};
36
37form.addEventListener("submit", startRoom);

Understand and handle Participants

Once a web client joins a video room with an Access Token, it becomes a Participant in the room. The Twilio Video JavaScript SDK distinguishes between local and remote participants; a web client's local participant is the one who joined the video room from that browser, and all other participants are considered remote participants.

After you've successfully connected to a video room, you'll want to display each participant's video and audio on the page. The room object you got back from the connect method has an attribute called localParticipant, which represents the local participant, and an attribute called participants, which is a list of the remote participants that are connected to the room.

Display Participants' audio and video data

The next step in this code is to display the video and audio data for the participants. This will involve:

Creating an element on the web page where you'll put a participant's audio and video
Adding the video and audio data from each participant to that element

The logic for adding the video and audio data on the page will come later; right now, you can create an empty function called handleConnectedParticipant under the startRoom function. You'll fill out the body of the function in the next section.

const handleConnectedParticipant = (participant) => {};

Next, you'll add calls to the handleConnectedParticipant function. In main.js, add the following lines to the startRoom function, right after the call the joinVideoRoom function. Note that you're removing the console.log(room) line and replacing it with a call to handleConnectedParticipant on the local participant.

1  // join the video room with the token
2  const room = await joinVideoRoom(roomName, token);
3
4  // render the local and remote participants' video and audio tracks
5  handleConnectedParticipant(room.localParticipant);
6  room.participants.forEach(handleConnectedParticipant);
7  room.on("participantConnected", handleConnectedParticipant);
8};

In these new lines of code, you call handleConnectedParticipant on the local participant and any remote participants in the room. (In this application, you're using WebRTC Go Rooms, which have a maximum of two participants, so there will only be one remote participant.)

The room will send a participantConnected event whenever a new participant connects to the room. The code also listens for this event and calls the handleConnectedParticipant function whenever that event triggers.

Here's the full main.js code up to this point:

1const form = document.getElementById("room-name-form");
2const roomNameInput = document.getElementById("room-name-input");
3const container = document.getElementById("video-container");
4
5const startRoom = async (event) => {
6  // prevent a page reload when a user submits the form
7  event.preventDefault();
8  // hide the join form
9  form.style.visibility = "hidden";
10  // retrieve the room name
11  const roomName = roomNameInput.value;
12
13  // fetch an Access Token from the join-room route
14  const response = await fetch("/join-room", {
15    method: "POST",
16    headers: {
17      Accept: "application/json",
18      "Content-Type": "application/json",
19    },
20    body: JSON.stringify({ room_name: roomName }),
21  });
22  const { token } = await response.json();
23
24  // join the video room with the token
25  const room = await joinVideoRoom(roomName, token);
26
27  // render the local and remote participants' video and audio tracks
28  handleConnectedParticipant(room.localParticipant);
29  room.participants.forEach(handleConnectedParticipant);
30  room.on("participantConnected", handleConnectedParticipant);
31};
32
33const handleConnectedParticipant = (participant) => {};
34
35const joinVideoRoom = async (roomName, token) => {
36  // join the video room with the Access Token and the given room name
37  const room = await Twilio.Video.connect(token, {
38    room: roomName,
39  });
40  return room;
41};
42
43form.addEventListener("submit", startRoom);

Display Participants' audio and video tracks

In this section, you'll complete the logic for showing each participant's audio and video. Before doing this, you should understand the concept of participant tracks.

What are tracks?

All participants have tracks. There are three types of tracks:

Video: data from video sources such as cameras or screens.
Audio: data from audio inputs such as microphones.
Data: other data generated by a participant within the application. This can be used for features like building a whiteboarding application, in-video chat, and more.

By default, when a participant connects to a video room, Twilio will request their local audio and video data. You can use ConnectOptions when you join a video room with the connect method to control whether or not a local participant sends their local video and audio data. For example, if you wanted to create an audio-only chat room, you could create a room and set video: false in ConnectOptions, and then the room would not get participants' video data:

1const room = await Twilio.Video.connect(token, {
2    room: roomName,
3    video: false,
4  });

In this application, you'll receive both the audio and video data from participants.

Display data from tracks

Given these details, you can now complete the handleConnectedParticipant function in main.js. You'll separate the logic into a few different pieces.

Remove the empty handleConnnectedParticipant function and replace it with the code below.

1const handleConnectedParticipant = (participant) => {
2  // create a div for this participant's tracks
3  const participantDiv = document.createElement("div");
4  participantDiv.setAttribute("id", participant.identity);
5  container.appendChild(participantDiv);
6
7  // iterate through the participant's published tracks and
8  // call `handleTrackPublication` on them
9  participant.tracks.forEach((trackPublication) => {
10    handleTrackPublication(trackPublication, participant);
11  });
12
13  // listen for any new track publications
14  participant.on("trackPublished", handleTrackPublication);
15};
16
17const handleTrackPublication = () => {}

In the body of handleConnectedParticipant, you first create a new <div> element for a participant, where you'll put all of this participant's tracks. (This will be helpful when a participant disconnects from the video app — you can remove all of their tracks from the page by removing this <div>.)

Then, you loop through all of the participant's published tracks by looping over the participant's tracks attribute, which contains the participant's TrackPublication objects. A TrackPublication object represents a track that has been published.

(information)

Info

TrackPublication objects can be either LocalTrackPublication or RemoteTrackPublication objects. In this application's case, you don't need to distinguish between local or remote objects, because they're treated the same. You might want to distinguish between local and remote tracks if you wanted to do something like display the local participant's video differently than other participants' videos.

You pass those TrackPublication objects to a new function called handleTrackPublication, which will eventually add the track onto the page. handleTrackPublication is an empty function underneath the handleConnectedParticipant function now, but you'll complete it in the next step.

You also listen for any new track publications from a participant. Whenever there's a trackPublished event, the handleTrackPublication function runs.

(information)

Info

This section is complex, as you're dealing with several different objects: Participants, TrackPublications, and Tracks.

It can be helpful to console.log these objects as you're starting to understand what they do. Feel free to add console.log statements throughout the code and take time to look at what the objects include. As an example, you might add console.log lines to the handleConnectedParticipant function and inspect the participant and trackPublication objects:

1  // iterate through the participant's published tracks and
2  // call `handleTrackPublication` on them
3  console.log("participant: ", participant);
4  participant.tracks.forEach((trackPublication) => {
5    console.log("trackPublication: ", trackPublication);
6    handleTrackPublication(trackPublication, participant);
7  });

In the next function, handleTrackPublication, you'll be working with individual trackPublications from a participant.

Remove the empty handleTrackPublication function, and replace it with the following code:

1const handleTrackPublication = (trackPublication, participant) => {
2  function displayTrack(track) {
3    // append this track to the participant's div and render it on the page
4    const participantDiv = document.getElementById(participant.identity);
5    // track.attach creates an HTMLVideoElement or HTMLAudioElement
6    // (depending on the type of track) and adds the video or audio stream
7    participantDiv.append(track.attach());
8  }
9};

First, you create an internal function, displayTrack, to handle rendering the data on the page. It will receive a track and find the <div> that you created earlier for containing all of a participant's tracks. Then, you'll call track.attach() and append that to the participant's <div>.

track.attach() creates either an HTMLVideoElement, if the track is a VideoTrack, or an HTMLAudioElement for an AudioTrack. It then adds the video or audio data stream to that HTML element. This is how video will ultimately show up on the page, and how audio will be played.

You'll only call displayTrack on tracks that you are subscribed to. Update the handleTrackPublication function with the following code, underneath the displayTrack function:

1const handleTrackPublication = (trackPublication, participant) => {
2  function displayTrack(track) {
3    // append this track to the participant's div and render it on the page
4    const participantDiv = document.getElementById(participant.identity);
5    // track.attach creates an HTMLVideoElement or HTMLAudioElement
6    // (depending on the type of track) and adds the video or audio stream
7    participantDiv.append(track.attach());
8  }
9
10  // check if the trackPublication contains a `track` attribute. If it does,
11  // we are subscribed to this track. If not, we are not subscribed.
12  if (trackPublication.track) {
13    displayTrack(trackPublication.track);
14  }
15
16  // listen for any new subscriptions to this track publication
17  trackPublication.on("subscribed", displayTrack);
18};

You can identify whether or not you are subscribed to a published track by seeing if the trackPublication has a track attribute. The track is the stream of audio, video, or data that you'll add to the page. If the trackPublication does have a track, this participant is subscribed and you can display the data. Otherwise, this local participant has not been subscribed to the published track.

This code also adds an event listener so that any time you subscribe to a new track, displayTrack runs.

Here's the full code for the main.js file:

1const form = document.getElementById("room-name-form");
2const roomNameInput = document.getElementById("room-name-input");
3const container = document.getElementById("video-container");
4
5const startRoom = async (event) => {
6  // prevent a page reload when a user submits the form
7  event.preventDefault();
8  // hide the join form
9  form.style.visibility = "hidden";
10  // retrieve the room name
11  const roomName = roomNameInput.value;
12
13  // fetch an Access Token from the join-room route
14  const response = await fetch("/join-room", {
15    method: "POST",
16    headers: {
17      Accept: "application/json",
18      "Content-Type": "application/json",
19    },
20    body: JSON.stringify({ room_name: roomName }),
21  });
22  const { token } = await response.json();
23
24  // join the video room with the token
25  const room = await joinVideoRoom(roomName, token);
26
27  // render the local and remote participants' video and audio tracks
28  handleConnectedParticipant(room.localParticipant);
29  room.participants.forEach(handleConnectedParticipant);
30  room.on("participantConnected", handleConnectedParticipant);
31};
32
33const handleConnectedParticipant = (participant) => {
34  // create a div for this participant's tracks
35  const participantDiv = document.createElement("div");
36  participantDiv.setAttribute("id", participant.identity);
37  container.appendChild(participantDiv);
38
39  // iterate through the participant's published tracks and
40  // call `handleTrackPublication` on them
41  participant.tracks.forEach((trackPublication) => {
42    handleTrackPublication(trackPublication, participant);
43  });
44
45  // listen for any new track publications
46  participant.on("trackPublished", handleTrackPublication);
47};
48
49const handleTrackPublication = (trackPublication, participant) => {
50  function displayTrack(track) {
51    // append this track to the participant's div and render it on the page
52    const participantDiv = document.getElementById(participant.identity);
53    // track.attach creates an HTMLVideoElement or HTMLAudioElement
54    // (depending on the type of track) and adds the video or audio stream
55    participantDiv.append(track.attach());
56  }
57
58  // check if the trackPublication contains a `track` attribute. If it does,
59  // we are subscribed to this track. If not, we are not subscribed.
60  if (trackPublication.track) {
61    displayTrack(trackPublication.track);
62  }
63
64  // listen for any new subscriptions to this track publication
65  trackPublication.on("subscribed", displayTrack);
66};
67
68const joinVideoRoom = async (roomName, token) => {
69  // join the video room with the Access Token and the given room name
70  const room = await Twilio.Video.connect(token, {
71    room: roomName,
72  });
73  return room;
74};
75
76form.addEventListener("submit", startRoom);

You should now be able to go to localhost:5000, join a video room, and see your video. Then, from a separate tab, you can join the same room and see both participants' video and hear audio.

Clean up

You now have a working Video application! The last piece is to clean up after a participant closes their browser or disconnects. In those cases, you should disconnect them from the room and stop displaying their video.

Copy and paste the following handleDisconnectedParticipant function in static/main.js under the handleTrackPublication function.

1const handleDisconnectedParticipant = (participant) => {
2  // stop listening for this participant
3  participant.removeAllListeners();
4  // remove this participant's div from the page
5  const participantDiv = document.getElementById(participant.identity);
6  participantDiv.remove();
7};

In this function, when a participant disconnects, you remove all the listeners you had on the participant, and remove the <div> containing their video and audio tracks.

Then, add an event listener in the startRoom function, underneath the calls to handleConnectedParticipant. When a participantDisconnected event happens, call the handleDisconnectedParticipant function that you wrote.

1  // render the local and remote participants' video and audio tracks
2  handleConnectedParticipant(room.localParticipant);
3  room.participants.forEach(handleConnectedParticipant);
4  room.on("participantConnected", handleConnectedParticipant);
5
6  // handle cleanup when a participant disconnects
7  room.on("participantDisconnected", handleDisconnectedParticipant);
8};

You'll also want to detect when someone closes the browser or navigates to a new page, so that you can disconnect them from the room. This way, other participants can be alerted that the participant left the room. Underneath the event listener for participantDisconnected, add two more event listeners: one for pagehide, and one for beforeunload. When either of these events occur, the local participant should disconnect from the room.

1  // handle cleanup when a participant disconnects
2  room.on("participantDisconnected", handleDisconnectedParticipant);
3  window.addEventListener("pagehide", () => room.disconnect());
4  window.addEventListener("beforeunload", () => room.disconnect());
5};

Here's the final main.js with all of this functionality:

1const form = document.getElementById("room-name-form");
2const roomNameInput = document.getElementById("room-name-input");
3const container = document.getElementById("video-container");
4
5const startRoom = async (event) => {
6  // prevent a page reload when a user submits the form
7  event.preventDefault();
8  // hide the join form
9  form.style.visibility = "hidden";
10  // retrieve the room name
11  const roomName = roomNameInput.value;
12
13  // fetch an Access Token from the join-room route
14  const response = await fetch("/join-room", {
15    method: "POST",
16    headers: {
17      Accept: "application/json",
18      "Content-Type": "application/json",
19    },
20    body: JSON.stringify({ room_name: roomName }),
21  });
22  const { token } = await response.json();
23
24  // join the video room with the token
25  const room = await joinVideoRoom(roomName, token);
26
27  // render the local and remote participants' video and audio tracks
28  handleConnectedParticipant(room.localParticipant);
29  room.participants.forEach(handleConnectedParticipant);
30  room.on("participantConnected", handleConnectedParticipant);
31
32  // handle cleanup when a participant disconnects
33  room.on("participantDisconnected", handleDisconnectedParticipant);
34  window.addEventListener("pagehide", () => room.disconnect());
35  window.addEventListener("beforeunload", () => room.disconnect());
36};
37
38const handleConnectedParticipant = (participant) => {
39  // create a div for this participant's tracks
40  const participantDiv = document.createElement("div");
41  participantDiv.setAttribute("id", participant.identity);
42  container.appendChild(participantDiv);
43
44  // iterate through the participant's published tracks and
45  // call `handleTrackPublication` on them
46  participant.tracks.forEach((trackPublication) => {
47    handleTrackPublication(trackPublication, participant);
48  });
49
50  // listen for any new track publications
51  participant.on("trackPublished", handleTrackPublication);
52};
53
54const handleTrackPublication = (trackPublication, participant) => {
55  function displayTrack(track) {
56    // append this track to the participant's div and render it on the page
57    const participantDiv = document.getElementById(participant.identity);
58    // track.attach creates an HTMLVideoElement or HTMLAudioElement
59    // (depending on the type of track) and adds the video or audio stream
60    participantDiv.append(track.attach());
61  }
62
63  // check if the trackPublication contains a `track` attribute. If it does,
64  // we are subscribed to this track. If not, we are not subscribed.
65  if (trackPublication.track) {
66    displayTrack(trackPublication.track);
67  }
68
69  // listen for any new subscriptions to this track publication
70  trackPublication.on("subscribed", displayTrack);
71};
72
73const handleDisconnectedParticipant = (participant) => {
74  // stop listening for this participant
75  participant.removeAllListeners();
76  // remove this participant's div from the page
77  const participantDiv = document.getElementById(participant.identity);
78  participantDiv.remove();
79};
80
81const joinVideoRoom = async (roomName, token) => {
82  // join the video room with the Access Token and the given room name
83  const room = await Twilio.Video.connect(token, {
84    room: roomName,
85  });
86  return room;
87};
88
89form.addEventListener("submit", startRoom);

Next steps

You're done! You now have a video chat application that you can use for connecting two people with audio and video.

Right now, the application is only running locally. To make it accessible to others without deploying the application, you can use ngrok. Download ngrok and follow the setup instructions (you'll unzip the ngrok download file and can then start it up). Once it's downloaded, start ngrok on port 5000.

./ngrok http 5000

You should see output that looks like this:

1ngrok by @inconshreveable                                                                                                                                         (Ctrl+C to quit)
2
3Session Status                online
4Update                        update available (version 2.3.40, Ctrl-U to update)
5Version                       2.3.35
6Region                        United States (us)
7Web Interface                 http://127.0.0.1:4040
8Forwarding                    http://04ae1f9f6d2b.ngrok.io -> http://localhost:5000
9Forwarding                    https://04ae1f9f6d2b.ngrok.io -> http://localhost:5000
10
11Connections                   ttl     opn     rt1     rt5     p50     p90
12                              0       0       0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00

Copy the "Forwarding" address and send that to a friend so they can join your video chat!

There's so much more that you can add on to your application now that you've built the foundation. For example, you can:

Add CSS to style the video application or add overlays to the video
Add virtual backgrounds or create your own video effects with the Video Processors library
Add muting/unmuting or video on/off functionality
Provide feedback on a user's network quality before they join a room, or have participants check their audio and video before entering a room

For more inspiration, check out the Twilio Video React quick deploy app, which demonstrates a wide range of video functionality, or try out more Video tutorials on the Twilio Blog.

Get Started with Twilio Video Part 2: Creating the Frontend

Create the HTML file

Start the JavaScript file

Info

Join a Twilio Video Room

Understand and handle Participants

Display Participants' audio and video data

Display Participants' audio and video tracks

What are tracks?

Publish and subscribe to tracks

Display data from tracks

Info

Info

Clean up

Next steps